Recent advances, challenges, and future road map in determination of trace As(III) via hybrid electroactive materials: A review

Abstract

The current catastrophic scenario of the severe pollution of water bodies by Arsenic(III) demands development of rapid and onsite state-of-the-art detection technologies for monitoring arsenic polluted sources. Amongst a vivid array of existing techniques for determining arsenic, electrochemical techniques have emerged undisputed and unchallenged in diverse arenas. Rapid response, minimization of pore-saturation enabling longevity of the sensor, data consistency and cost-efficacies remain some of the well-known advantages of the electrochemical detection units. This review paper focusses on the recent reports of various metal and metal oxide-based sensors with/without the support of noble metals like Au, Ag, Pt which have been utilized for electrochemical deter-mination of trace arsenic. Further, the output results have been critically discussed in terms of achieved sensi-tivity and limit of detection (LOD) with different modified electrodes in order to design a roadmap based on current drawbacks for futuristic advancements and innovation in the said field.