Towards Sustainable Construction: Utilization of Ferrochrome Slag as Portland Cement Replacement in Cementitious Composites

Abstract

This work represents the results from the experimental investigation conducted on the utilization of ferrochrome slag (FCS) as a replacement of Portland cement (PC) in cement composites. A total of seven mix compositions were made and the corresponding performance of the mix were evaluated in terms of its strength, durability and microstructural properties. Results from this study showed that the incorporation of FCS as partial replacement of the PC resulted in an increase in the set times and a decrease in the water content for normal consistency. The compressive strength of the mortar mixes was decreased with incorporation of FCS into the mortar mixtures. However, mortar mixtures up to 30% of PC replacement with FCS exhibited compressive strength higher than 30 MPa. In terms of durability, 30% FCS replacement resulted in 18% reduction in water absorption along with lower loss in the compressive strength and improved resistance to acid attack. Microstructural investigation showed that the use of FCS as a replacement to PC resulted in an increment in the formation of calcium silicate hydrate which results in a compact and densified microstructure of the mortars. Further, to ensure the environmental soundness of FCS mortars, a leaching test was conducted for the first 14 days of curing, and it was found that the Cr leaching values are under the permissible limits and can be used in general construction applications.