Starch-Assisted Synthesis of Bi2S3 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Dielectric and Antibacterial Applications

Abstract

Starch [(C6H10O5)n]-stabilized bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in a single-pot reaction using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3 center dot 5H2O) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) as precursors. Bi2S3 NPs were stable over time and a wide band gap of 2.86 eV was observed. The capping of starch on the Bi2S3 NPs prevents them from agglomeration and provides regular uniform shapes. The synthesized Bi2S3 NPs were quasispherical, and the measured average particle size was similar to 11 nm. The NPs are crystalline with an orthorhombic structure as determined by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The existence and interaction of starch on the NP's surface were analyzed using circular dichroism. Impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the electronic behavior of Bi2S3 NPs at various temperatures and frequencies. The dielectric measurements on the NPs show high dielectric polarizations. Furthermore, it was observed that the synthesized Bi2S3 NPs inhibited bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) and demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity.